Was the Cold War in fact 'cold'?

The war that took place between 1945 and 1991 has been termed the 'Cold War', largely due to the fact that the two main agitators (The Soviet Union and The United States of America) never came into direct contact in terms of conventional warfare such as in WWI or WWII - thus it was not 'hot' conflict. 

This interpretation and the label itself are part of three out of four of the main schools of thought when studying the Cold War. Orthodox historians would place the blame for the development of the Cold War on the Soviet Union, whilst Revisionist historians would rather blame America and Post-Revisionist historians provide a synthesis between the two. The idea that the Cold War was 'cold' has come into question in more recent historical thought since the war ended and also with post-modernist historians. These historians move away from conventional interpretations of 'blaming' one side of another but rather study the characteristics of the war and in doing so have controversially labeled the Cold War a 'hot' war.

The essential idea is that the Cold War was a war on a global scale and although no direct conflict occurred between the USA and the USSR warfare raged in numerous other parts of the world. For example, to name a few, there was conflict in Afghanistan (1979-1989), Korea (1950-1953), Angola (1975-2002) Mozambique (1977-1992) and widespread conflict across Latin America such as in Nicaragua (1981-1990) and Guatemala (1960-1996.)

So how do these conflicts relate to the Cold War? 
It is key to recognize that the Cold War was not just a war between the USSR and America; The Cold War was about competing ideological spheres of influences (communism vs. capitalism) with the superpowers of these ideologies being the USSR and America. The aforementioned conflicts were part of this as both of the superpowers gave aid, funding and weapons, to various conflicts to help the side they were most closely ideologically aligned to. These types of wars are named ‘proxy wars’.

For example, in the Angolan Civil War, the two competing factions the MPLA and the FNLA both served as surrogate forces as part of the Cold War. The USSR supported the MPLA indirectly and the United States supported the FNLA indirectly also.

The reason the Cold War has been termed ‘cold’ is that the majority of these conflicts around the world were indirectly supported by the two superpowers. However, when studying the sheer amount of conflict around the world in this period, all of which played a part in fighting Cold War aims, surely the Cold War was rather a ‘hot’ war? 

Answered by Imogen S. History tutor

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