The functionalist theory claims that Hitler had no long-term coherent plan for the destruction of the Jews. Rather, the Holocaust arose out of various confused policies he implemented, all intended to harm, restrict and intimidate the Jewish population, but perhaps not initially with fully genocidal intent. Functionalist historians generally argue that it was not until the 1942 Wannsee Conference that the Nazis took the final decision to attempt to eliminate the Jews. This theory is opposed by the intentionalist school of thought, which claims that the Holocaust was always Hitler's ultimate plan and was carefully developed over a number of years.