Why is Chlorine a gas at room temperature but Sodium Chloride is a solid?

Chlorine is a gas at room temperature due to its structure.  Chlorine is made up of two chlorine atoms, held together by covalent bonds, forming simple covalent molecules.  Whilst the covalent bonds within the chlorine molecules are strong, there are only weak intermolecular forces between molecules, which require very little energy to overcome. Therefore chlorine has a low boiling point and so is a gas at room temperature. In contrast, sodium chloride is a solid at room temperature as it is a giant ionic compound.  The individual sodium and chloride ions are held together by electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions.  These ionic bonds are very strong and are formed in all directions, creating a giant ionic lattice.  Due to the strength of the bonds, large amounts of energy are needed to break them and therefore sodium chloride has a high melting point.

Answered by Sophie V. Chemistry tutor

28612 Views

See similar Chemistry GCSE tutors

Related Chemistry GCSE answers

All answers ▸

Where do electrons go in an atom?


An isotope of Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7 and a mass number of 15. How many electrons, neutrons, and protons does an atom of this isotope have?


How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in a sodium ion?


How do metals conduct electricity?


We're here to help

contact us iconContact usWhatsapp logoMessage us on Whatsapptelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo
Cookie Preferences