Describe the effects of the introduction of an indirect tax on different stakeholders within an economy.

The introduction of an indirect tax increases the firm's costs of production. Therefore, as there is a change in the determinants of supply, the market supply curve shifts to the left. This results in a new equilibrium at a lower quantity and a higher price than the initial equilibrium. This reduction in quantity and increase in price leads to a loss of welfare within the economy as consumers and producers are worse off than before the tax was introduced to the market. 

The effect on stakeholders is that the government benefits because their revenue from tax increases from nothing (before there was a tax) to whatever the revenue from the new tax is. As mentioned earlier, both producers and consumers experience a reduction in producer surplus and consumer surplus respectively. However, the size of this and the burden of taxation depends on the elasticity of demand. If the Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) is elastic, i.e. demand is very responsive to a change in price, the burden of the taxation is on producers. However, if the PED is very inelastic, i.e. demand is not responsive to a change in price, then the burden of taxation falls on the consumers.