The cause's of the English Civil war can be divided into three broad categories, the most important of these being religious division. Politically the fear of Absolutism, caused by Charles stringent reforms, extravagant lifestyle and insistence on rule without the influence of Parliament also drove a wedge between King and subjects. As did the economic stress imposed by Charles upon the gentry to fund his failing European wars. However, Religion is the most important factor for two reasons, firstly because it divided not only the nobility but acted as a rallying cry behind which the majority of English subjects could assemble. But beyond this, as John Morrill points out, it was the primary motivator of Irish and Scottish intervention and action in the conflict itself. Both countries were exempt from the 'tyranny' of Charle's behaviour in Westminister due to their positioning in the periphery of the Crown's influence, and neither felt to any great extent the impact of Charle's failure of an economic policy, due to internal conflict and resistance. As such to a great extent could the English Civil war be considered a war of religion, as it was the main source of motivation and rhetoric for the combatant factions, however, to ignore other factors, be they political, economic or social, would be to underestimate the complexity of the issues which initiated a war, that practically no one at the time saw coming.