How do you get from an a base like adenine to an enzyme/protein?

There are four bases- ATGC adenine, thymine guanine and cytosine.

Each base is attached to a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate sugar. This makes up a nucleotide. Three nucleotides are called a codon which produces one amino acid.

Many amino acids joined together to give you polypeptide chain and thus a protein. The polypeptide has a primary structure as a chain.

It can be folded to give secondary structure by alpha helices and beta sheets.

They can further be folder to a tertiary structure which is what is involved in creating enzymes. Enzyme is therefore a protein made of  amino acid chains.