What is a deontelogical theory?

A deontelogical theory is essentially an ethical theory that highlights the intrinsic worth of our actions, as opposed to the consequences our actions bring. In other words, whilst some actions may bring about good consequences, unless those actions are good within themselves, they should not be performed. To give an example, if you see a family member suffering from a terminal illness and want to see the end of their suffering, you might condone euthanasia as a means to stop their suffering. Whilst your intentions for this action are good and it brings about the arguably good consequence of ending prolonged suffering, the action can be seen to be essentially murder on your part and this is an action (removed from specific situations/ circumstances) we know to be intrinsically wrong. Identifying murder as an action as bad within itself means that ultimately, regardless of consequence, a deontelogical theory would not condone it as an acceptible/ ethical action to perform. A great example of a deontelogical theory in practice is Aquinas' Natural Law, which states that the ultimate goal of human endevour is to achieve the beatific vision (to be one with God in the afterlife). Aquinas claims that we have an innate ability to reason and we should use this to ensure our actions uphold the precepts (values) of Christian life, ensuring that we are brought closer to God. Whilst Aquinas may identify that some actions can bring about good consequences, he would state that if through our ability to reason, we can identify that performing such an action may go against the values of Christian life, then the action is wrong within itself and should never be performed.