What happens during transcription and translation?

Transcription and translation are both processes that are involved in converting nuclear DNA into proteins in eukaryotes, but they have two diifferent jobs. 1) Transcription The DNA sequence is first converted (transcribed) into messenger RNA (mRNA) inside the nucleus.  This transcription process is performed by polymerase enzymes. The mRNA that is produced is similar to DNA but uses the base Uracil (U) in the place of Thymine (T). Therefore, if we remember the rules of base-pairing, a sequence of DNA: ATTGGCA would be transcribed into mRNA with the sequence: UAACCGU. mRNA exits the nucleus. 2) Translation mRNA attaches to ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum or in the cytoplasm. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules transport a specific amino acid to the ribosome. tRNA anti-codons attach to complementary mRNA codons by base pairing. The amino acids are linked by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide. The tRNA breaks off from the amino acid chain and can be reused to transport another amino acid to the ribosome. To summarise: Transcription converts DNA into mRNA inside the nucleus. Translation converts mRNA into a polypeptide sequence on ribosomes. 

Answered by Willow F. Biology tutor

14266 Views

See similar Biology A Level tutors

Related Biology A Level answers

All answers ▸

How does chemiosmosis work?


What is the role of the kidneys and how does it function to do its job?


With the aid of a diagram describe the events occurring in the neurone leading to the establishment of an action potential


How does speciation occur?


We're here to help

contact us iconContact usWhatsapp logoMessage us on Whatsapptelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

© MyTutorWeb Ltd 2013–2025

Terms & Conditions|Privacy Policy
Cookie Preferences