What happens at a destructive plate margin as oceanic and continental plates converge?

When an oceanic and a continental plate move towards each other and collide, the oceanic crust is subducted into the upper mantle as it's much denser than continental crust. As the oceanic crust descends below the continental crust, friction causes pressure to build up, particularly if the plates become stuck. When pressure becomes too great, the plates jerk past each other and send out seismic waves. These are vibrations of an earthquake. The friction also generates enormous amounts of heat which can cause partial melting of the crust as the oceanic plate is subducted. Magmas derived from the melting of old ocean floor basalts are less dense than magma in the mantle so rise up through fissures (cracks) and burn their way through overlying rock to reach the surface to form volcanoes. 80% of all active volcanoes are found in subduction zones. In addition to volcanoes and earthquakes, rocks scraped off the descending oceanic plate and folding of the continental crust helps create young fold mountain chains on the leading edge of continental masses. An example is The Andes, West coast of South America. Furthermore, deep ocean trenches are found on the seaward edge of destructive margins and mark where one plate begins to descend beneath another. These trenches can reach great depths such as The Peru-Chile trench which is more than 8km deep.

Answered by Alicia W. Geography tutor

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