There are three simple steps to prove anything by induction.
Step 1: When n=1
12=1
then: 1/6 x 1x (1+1) x (2+1)
=1x2x3/6 =1
Therefore it is true for n=1
Step 2: Assume it is true for n=k
so,
12 + 22+....+k2 = k/6 (k+1) (2k+1)
Step 3: Solve for n= k+1
12+22+.....+ k2 + (k+1)2 = k/6 (k+1) (2k+1) + (k+1)2
= (k+1)/6 (k(2k+1) + 6(k+1) )
= (k+1)/6 (2k2+7k+6)
= (k+1)/6 x (2k+3) x (k+2)
= (k+1)/6 ( (k+1)+1 ) (2(k+1)+1) )
Therefore it is true for n= k+1
Thererore it must be true for all values.