What is political apathy?

Political apathy is generated through feelings of disinterest or indifference towards politics and political activities. This includes civic responsibility, civic engagement, and participation in electoral processes. In other words, political apathy is reflected in individuals and groups who do not see the point in participating in their country’s political system. Political apathy can result in low voter turnout, political stagnation and overall democratic deficits. For instance, low voter participation levels can result in misrepresentation, lack of transparency and corruption due to unaccountability.

In general, political apathy is most common amongst disenfranchised groups, such as younger voters, minorities and the economically disadvantaged. The emergence of political apathy can be explained in different ways. First of all, it can be the consequence of a lack of adequate political education, resulting in a poor understanding of politics and the role of government in society. This could result in individuals and groups failing to see importance of voting, and participating in the wider democratic processes. Secondly, lack of diversity and representation within politics can also lead to political apathy. When groups feel unrepresented on a political level, they may feel disinclined to take part in the political processes. The 2016 presidential elections in the United States saw a significant drop in voter turnout, with only 55% of the electorate casting their votes. This signified the lowest turnout since 1996. Voter apathy can go some way in explaining this phenomenon. On the other hand, states such as Belgium and Turkey, where voting is mandatory, consistently see electoral participation rates above 80%.

It is important to make the distinction between political apathy and abstention. Abstention from political processes indicates a deliberate political act, a decision not to vote, as a way to project discontent towards the political class.