How can I improve my fluency and spontaneity?

One of the main methods I personally use to improve my oral fluency is reading books aloud in the language I am studying. This is effective in two ways: Firstly, by reading aloud you get used to speaking in the language without needing a partner to practice with. You will find you become more used to the speaking patterns of the language. Secondly, you can pick up phrases and vocabulary as you are reading. (You may not understand everything and I would suggest that you only look up words occasionally. The aim here is to get the jist of story and not to feel inundated with new vocabulary.) This will help you feel more confident when speaking in the foreign langauge and in my opinion, building confidence is key. P.S. If there is a book you particularly enjoy, they may be available in the foreign langauge as well. For example, the Harry Potter series has been translated into many different languages. Re-reading these books in the foreign language is a great way to improve not only your fluency but also you vocabulary as you will already know what the story is about.