Why did the Tsarist regime collapse in 1917?

In March 1917, Russian Tsar Nicholas II abdicated and was replaced by the Provisional Government. There are various reasons why the Tsarist regime collapsed but this essay will outline three possible reasons: inadequate behaviour of the Tsar, the First World War and the influence of Bolsheviks. This essay will argue that the Tsar failed to respond to the challenges at the time which led to his own downfall. The inadequate behaviour of the Tsar caused the collapse of Tsarist regime. Nicholas II`s actions and decisions caused an economic crisis in the country and destroyed his own image in the eyes of the people. Historian Orlando Figes in his writings argued that Nicholas was not suitable to rule the Russian Empire. He pointed to Tsar`s indecisiveness during the First World War(1914-1919), when the Russian Front experienced huge losses and radical actions were needed. Tsar`s decision to start the Russo-Japanese War (1903-1905) also was disastrous for the Empire. The Japanese forces came out victorious which damaged the image of Russia in the world and led to instability in the country. The Tsar also failed to respond to the needs of the people. On 22d January 1905, Russian citizens, led by a priest Georgy Gapon, approached the Winter Palace to address the Tsar their concerns. They were attacked by the Guards and many of the citizens were wounded or killed. Although the Tsar was not in the Palace at the time of the incident, this attack destroyed the bonds between the Tsar and the Russian people. During the First World War most of food products and provisions were sent to the Front which led to the shortages and starvations across the country. The Tsarist family did very little to help their subjects which proves that the Tsar was responsible for his own downfall. As the evidence suggests, Nicholas II during his reign failed to resolve the fundamental challenges that the country was facing in the beginning of 20th century.  To conclude, the inadequate behaviour of the Tsar during the Wars and his failure to respond to the needs of the people led to the collapse of the Tsarist Regime.

Answered by Karina V. History tutor

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