How do you translate fear clauses from latin into english?

In latin, there are three main ways of expressing fear. In any instance when the verb "timeo" (I fear) is used in latin you must take care to translate it correctly. The first method of expressing fear is when you want to say that you are afraid of something (i.e a noun). For example, in english, "I fear fish". The construction used is: 'a verb of fearing + the accusative'. Therefore "I fear fish" in latin would be "pisces timeo" with "pisces" being in the accusative. The second method of expressing fear is with an infinitive if you are afraid of doing something (i.e a verb). For example, in english, "I fear swimming". The construction used is: 'a verb of fearing + the infinitive'. Therefore, "I fear swimming" in latin would be "natare timeo" with "natare" being the infinitive of the verb "to swim". Finally, in order to express that you "fear that" something might happen or has happened the following construction is used: 'a verb of fearing + ne + the subjunctive'. For example, the latin sentence: "timeo ne in flumine nates" would be translated into english in the following way, "I fear that you might swim in the river" . Note that the word "ne" is translated as "that" and does not have a negative meaning. It seems odd that you use "ne" when the sentence is not negative but the nature of the verb "to fear" means that "ne" is nearly always used. If "ut" is used instead of "ne", this means the part of the sentence after the verb "timeo" must be translated in the negative. For example the latin, "timeo ut in flumine nates" is translated into english as "I fear that you might not swim in the river". Notice also the use of the subjunctive "nates". In this type of fear clause there is always a subjunctive and the tense is determined by 'the sequence of tenses' which is a lesson for another time!

Answered by Emily T. Latin tutor

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