Describe how and explain why vegetable oils are hardened for use in foods. [5 marks]
Hydrogenation is used to add hydrogens to the vegetable oil molecules. This process gets rid of the double bonds in the molecular structure, making the molecules saturated, which lowers the melting point of the oil so that it is in a solid state at room teperature (margarine). This process occurs at 60 degrees Celcius, in the presence of a nickel catalyst.
NM
Related Chemistry GCSE answers
All answers ▸How is crude oil separated into fractions?
Describe the trend in reactivity in group 1 alkali metals.
Explain why chlorine (Cl2) is a gas at room temperature, but sodium chloride (NaCl) is a solid at room temperature.
An unknown compound burns with a lilac flame and produces a yellow precipitate when mixed with dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate. Give the formula of the compound.