How do I structure my essay for an exam?

Before you start planning or even thinking about your answer, READ THE QUESTION a few times and RELAX. Highlight the key words in the question, which could be a theme, a character or a quote but also look at the instruction at the beginning of the question, for example 'discuss' or 'argue', which sets the tone for your writing. These key words will help you to focus your essay and make sure you answer the question.

Introduction

Begin by setting out your argument - be concise and clear. Summarise the key ideas that you will discuss and your overall interpretation of the text in relation to the question.

Main Body

This is where you develop and explore your main ideas. Remember the simple PEE structure to help you - Point, Evidence, Explanation. State your argument, provide a quote, a theme or a contextual factor to support this argument, and explain what effect it has. Discuss the effect of the language used, the author's intended effect, and the affect on the reader, for example. How does this shape the rest of the text? But always remember to LINK BACK TO THE QUESTION.

Conclusion

Summarise your ideas - do NOT raise a new argument or state a new finding; this is to round off your essay, not to propose a new question. Be clear with your argument as you answer the question.

Contextual Knowledge

To show the examiner wider reading and an increased knowledge and understanding of the text, include contextual evidence to support your argument. This could be additional knowledge about the author or the text. Make sure this knowledge is RELEVANT, however, supporting your argument, not hindering or confusing it. For example, in a question about the inclusion of 'supernatural forces' in Macbeth, you could discuss King James' fascination and interest with witches and witchcraft, so the inclusion of the witches could be Shakespeare's way of appealing to the King's interests and the interests of the audience at that time.