How should I analyse a historical source?

Analysing a historical source can be very intimidating, but by simple systems it can become a far more approachable endeavour. On effective system in source analysis is using the 5W1H method, also known as “Kipling’s Six Serving Men”. To use this system simply ask six simple questions about the source, who, when, where, what, why and how. First, consider who has written the source, how are they knowledgeable about the topic, is their opinion valuable, does it make the source credible? Secondly, consider when a source was written, at the time of events or long after by somebody who did not witness them? Keep in mind that if a source is second hand, what was going on at the time it was made that may have influenced the author’s point of view on the subject? Closely related to when, you must consider where. Where was the source written, both geographically and on what – a diary, a textbook, a blog? Consider whether this should shape how you approach what the source says. Now you should consider what a source is saying. Consider what a source is telling you, both broadly and specifically, consider the author’s use of language and what it tells you about both the author and the topic. Next, think about why the author has written the source. To inform, persuade, or just for themselves? Consider who the author intended as the audience, and the effect it was desired to have upon the audience. Finally consider how the source has been created. What methodology did the author use? Did they carry out research, do they provide evidence, does it detail something the author has witnessed, or their own opinions? Has it been taken as an extract from a larger source? Consider what impact this may have on the information the source has told you. Hopefully by following this system you should find critical source analysis much easier, and help you in considering the credibility and usefulness of historical sources.