The victory of the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War of 1918 can be largely attributed to the good leadership of the Bolshevik Commissar for War, Trotsky. Other factors certainly came into play, such as the weaknesses of the opposition and sheer luck. The opposition, the Whites, were internally divided, unlike the Bolsheviks, which undermined their ability to mount effective counter-attacks. They were also lacking in support, as their identification with the former repressive Tsarist order and foreign powers meant that the Russian populace perceived them to be inimical to their desires. The Whites were also seen as corrupt, which further undermined their support base. The Reds, therefore, whilst by no means enjoying popular support, were viewed as being the lesser of two evils.
On the other hand, the Reds were in the privileged position of having luck on their side. They occupied the central area of Russia, which provided them with a larger conscript base and ensured that communication was efficient and effective. This element of luck was something that the Whites did not enjoy, as they occupied the disparate outer areas of Russia. This made communication and cooperation difficult, which naturally hindered the success of the Whites. Although the weaknesses of the opposition and an element of luck undeniably aided the success of the Reds, Trotsky's leadership was the crucial factor in the Red victory. His enthusiasm, command of propaganda and ability to boost morale was unparalleled both amongst the Bolshevik and the White leadership. He ensured that the Reds exploited their natural advantages and simultaneously exacerbated the weaknesses of the Whites. Trotsky's stunning leadership in the Civil War meant that Stalin's later attempts to write him out of history were doomed to failure.