Despite economics and politics often complimenting one another, when one refers to economic and political regionalism one must appreciate that these are two contrasting concepts. Economic regionalism is essentially the creation of greater economic opportunities through cooperation with states in the same geographical region. In contrast to the latter notion of building new concepts, political regionalism aims to create a union of states which wishes to protect or strengthen previously established shared values. Due to political regionalisms seemingly inherently defensive nature, the implementation of this concept tends to come with the devolution of sovereignty from the participating nations to a centralised power. This is reflected in the European Union; the states have devolved power to this institution in order to uphold the values of peace and cooperation in Europe. On the other hand, economic regionalism tends to manifest itself as a form of intergovernmentalism, whereby norms are established through a treaty or the likes. This is seen with NAFTA in which the signatories still possess economic integrity yet they have agreed to cooperate on terms such as environmental and labour protection in the setting of trade. If one were to contrast this to the workings of the EU, in which member states are obliged to adopt the laws the institution creates, one can evidently see that political regionalism demands a greater sacrifice from the state in terms of sovereignty than economic regionalism which is conducted on a more narrow set of concepts.
A further way in which one can identify the differences between the two concepts is by appreciating the idea that economic regionalism tends to be the founding union upon which political regionalism can then arise from. The European Union was previously the European Coal and Steel Community, then the European Economic Community, before it became the European Union in 1993 under the Maastricht Treaty. The European Union's predecessors were explicitly economic, focusing on the trade and management of resources on the continent. The European Union's remit extends far beyond basic economic cooperation and has come to be the regions guiding body on issues as politically sensitive as human rights, with the European Convention on Human Rights being reflected in members states own human rights legislation. Economic regionalism allowed states to experience a looser form of cooperation and practice a quasi-devolution of power, hence the transition to political regionalism seemed natural. This linkage between the two concepts not only reveals the compatibility between them but also serves to emphasise that political and economic regionalism are two separate practices that help one to understand the development and intensity of unity in a given region.
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