We have the triangle ABC. AB = 3 BC = 4 AC = ?
By inputting these numbers into the Pythagoras' Theorem, we can out the length of the missing side (AC). 
a2 + b2 = c2
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
9 + 16 = AC2 
25 = AC2
Square root both sides of the equation and we get AC = 5