Explain the process of Translation.

Translation involves three main steps; initiation, elongation and termination.Initiation begins when a mRNA (messenger RNA) binds to the small of the sub unit of the ribosome, where it moves to the start codon, usually codon AUG. A tRNA (transfer RNA) with an anticodon that is complementary to the start codon binds, in this case the anticodon is UAC (methionine).The large sub-unit then binds to the complex. As there are 3 sites on the ribosome (A,P, and E) the initial tRNA is currently in the P site, and sites A and E are vacant. A second tRNA with an anticodon complementary to the codon adjacent to the start codon binds to the A site. A peptide is formed between the two amino acids. The ribosome then moves three bases towards the 3' direction, as translation occurs in a 5' to 3' direction. This results in the first tRNA moving from the P site to E site and the tRNA holding polypeptide moves from site A to P, allowing site A to be vacant. The tRNA in site E then detaches, leaving site E also vacant. This movement allows the next tRNA to bind and the elongation cycle repeats until the stop codon is reached. No tRNA has a complementary anticodon, instead release factors will bind to site A releasing the polypeptide. Sub-units then detach from the mRNA and separate.