What were the different roles of the Chinese Civil War and the Korean War in the start of the Cold War in Asia?

This is a brief essay-style introduction to the question, to ensure that an overall understanding is given while drawing the student's attention to the key points to make in a potential exam question:From 1945 to the mid-1950s, the Cold War in Asia dramatically escalated, with both the US and Russia heavily invested in combating and promoting Communist groups respectively. This development was largely a result of the Chinese Civil War and the Korean War; the former drew the attention of the superpowers Eastwards, yet the latter was the turning point in terms of escalation of tensions and investment of resources in the area. Mao’s victory in October 1949 did not immediately polarise the Asian Cold War tensions; the then recent independence of Yugoslavia, along with Moscow’s initial lack of support for the CCP facilitated some optimism in the US that China’s new government could escape Soviet influence. Conversely, Stalin saw it as an opportunity to expand the Soviet sphere of influence eastwards. While developments in China piqued the diplomatic interest of both superpowers, the shared fear of direct conflict and focus on consolidating European blocs limited the extent to which the Cold War developed in East Asia immediately following the Civil War. The Korean War, on the other hand, solidified the US view of communist as a monolithic structure, due to the cooperation of China, Korea and the USSR. Similarly, China’s emergence as a burgeoning power in its own right prompted far more US military involvement in the East as part of the policy of ‘containment’, especially after Eisenhower took office in 1953. However, it is important to note that neither the Chinese nor Korean conflict significantly shifted the Cold War’s focus from the West– the primary focus of both sides was still on maintaining European spheres of influence. The conflicts did, however, solidify Asia as another theatre for the conflict. In order to gauge the role of both conflicts, we must examine how they both prompted militarisation of US and Soviet East Asian policy, and the changes to the ideology of the Cold War.   

Answered by Ben C. History tutor

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