How are proteins made in the cell?

Protein is transcribed from messenger RNA (mRNA) by ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum or ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This detects the start codon and moves along the mRNA 'reading' the bases on the RNA in triplets (for example AUT, CGG, GAU). This combination of 3 bases is known as a codon. transfer RNA (tRNA), brings the anti-codon which is a triplet of amino acids that are complimentary to the ones on mRNA. These anti-codons code for 1 amino acid.As the ribosome moves along the mRNA reading the sequence tRNA joins and contributes their amino acid. The amino acids are joined by peptide bonds. Eventually the ribosome will meet the stop codon which tells it to stop transcription and no more amino acids are added. This gives the primary sequence of the protein which can fold into its secondary structure (alpha helix or beta pleated sheet), which is determined by hydrogen bonding. The tertiary structure is the 3 dimensional shape of the protein, it is what gives enzymes their uniquely shaped active site. This is determined by the R groups of amino acids and can be a combination of hydrogen, ionic and covalent bonding, along with the formation of disulphide bridges. The protein can travel to the golgi body for packaging or modification