How do white blood cells defend against invading pathogens?

They can engulf and ingest pathogens; this is essentially the white blood 'eats' the pathogen. They secrete (release) antitoxins which counteract the toxins released by pathogens. The toxins they release are often what make us feel ill. The last element of their defence is releasing antibodies which 'attack' and bind the pathogen to stop it binding to cells and help to kill the pathogen.

EM

Related Biology GCSE answers

All answers ▸

Define osmosis


Draw and label an animal cell as seen under an electron microscope.


The Polar Bear is the largest species of bear in the world. With regards to adaptation, suggest a reason for this.


What is photosynthesis and where does in occur?