Le passé composé is one of the past tenses. It is formed by using an auxiliary/first verb (either être or avoir) in the present tense and following it with the past participle of the desired verb. L’imparfait is also a past tense which is formed by combining the stem of the desired verb with the following endings· Je: -ais· Tu: -ais· Il/elle/on: -ait· Nous: -ions· Vous: -iez· Ils/elles: -aient
The best way to distinguish between the two types of past tense here is to consider their time scale. Le passé composé
A completed with a definitive end e.g. Last Friday I went to the cinema
L’imparfait Continuous or repetitive action e.g. I used to go swimming every week. Something over a longer period of time e.g. When I was younger, I studied Spanish. These two tenses can also be combined to describe the interruption (le passé compose) of an action in the past (l’imparfait) e.g.
I was taking a shower when the telephone rang.
Je me douchais quand le téléphone a sonné.
Having a shower is an action in the past that is ongoing (l’imparfait) until it is interrupted by the one-off event of the phone ringing (le passé compose).