This question comes from AQA's 2015 Paper Greek Tragedy.
This is one of the 40 mark question you are able to choose from in the exam. As such, it is worth half of the available marks and you should allocate at least 45 minutes to it. However it might be a good idea to leave 50 minutes for this question as time can be saved in the first half of the exam. Within this, take time to plan. Planning you answer will save time when you are writing, provide a structure and ensure that you do not go off on a tangent. 10-15 minutes of your time should be used to make this plan.
This question is specifically asking you to analyse the prologues of the four plays.
Oedipus the King: The Priest tells Oedipus of the plague that is afflicting Thebes as they await the return of Creon who is coming from Delphi to tell them why this plague has struck the city.
Antigone: The scene opens with a discussion between Antigone and her sister Ismene. We here of the battle that took place outside Thebes and Creon's decree that Polynices must not be buried with the appropriate rites. Headstrong Antigone insists she will do just that, while Ismene is far more cautious and does not want to get involved.
Hippolytus: Aphrodite is alone on stage. She has an outstanding fued with Artemis and her rage has turned to Hippolytus, renowned for his chastity (and misogyny.) She reveals her plan to make Phaedra fall in love with him, who will kill herself when Hippolytus rejects her advances, not before leaving a suicide note dooming Hippolytus.
Medea: Medea opens with the Nurse. She has heard of Jason's intention to marry the Princess Glauce, leaving Medea for a new life in Corinth. The Nurse fears for the children, and confides in the slave who is caring for them. We hear Medea crying in the house.
It is important to be somewhat decisive in your answer as there isn't enough time to cover absolutely everything for each play. Picking out a few ideas about each is key to covering question sufficiently, and avoid simply narrating the prologue. Alot of marks are awarded for your analysis, this can be done easily by comparing and contrasting the plays.
Example paragraph: Antigone
Antigone's prologue has a unique feel. It is by far the most intimate of the introductions offered by the playwrights, making it meaningful and instantly engaging. The play opens with Antigone and Ismene speaking together about events at Thebes. This helps to also inform the audience of where in the story Sophocles has chosen to begin. The audience is drawn in by the clearly private conversation they are watching. The tone is certainly that of two sisters that are not being overheard. The way that Ismene addresses her sister is evidence of her compassionate nature, and the manner in which Antigone responds help to set them apart. The two characters quickly develop over this scene, in way that is not present in Euripides' prologues. One of the central characters is present and we see the characters develop through their dialogue and not through the words of others. This is less so the case for Oedipus Rex as the title character's behaviour changes so much throughout the story. Unlike the Euripides plays, we already see a divide in the two characters. Meek and cautious Ismene acts as a foil for the fearless and brave Antigone. This makes the dialogue far more engaging than in Medea in which there is limited confrontation. Sophocles also quickly hits on the themes of family and the state in the prologue. While perhaps not as central to modern life, for an ancient audience, the position of the oikos vs polis is a very real debate. Especially within Athens where there are thousands of citizens with an active role in the governing of the city. Finding out Sophocles impression on this division is another way in which the audience is engaged by this play. It is imediately obvious where Antigone stands which is important in setting up the agon between herself and Creon. While not as central the theme of love is also important. We see it as an extention of the oikos, particularly in the way that Ismene appeals to Antigone, reminding her that she is truly dear to those who love her. (98-99.) This is strong forshadowing for the tragic death of Haemon later in the play. Antigone's prologue is stronger than any of the others in the four plays studied due to its intimate nature and strong character development.
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