Describe the process of DNA translation

Defining 'translation' as the process of protein synthesis where an mRNA sequence produced in DNA transcription is translated into an amino acid sequence (polypeptide)
Translation can be subdivided into 4 stages:
1.    Elongation
-       Small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA and moves along the strand until it reaches start codon AUG (triplet of bases)-       tRNA molecule binds to codon that is complimentary to its anticodon -       Large ribosomal subunit aligns opposite the small subunit, aligning at the P site                                    2.    Elongation -       Another tRNA molecule binds to codon adjacent to start codon in A site-       Peptide bond forms between two amino acids-       Amino acid belonging to tRNA in P site now removed = deacetylation 3.    Translocation  -       Ribosome moves along mRNA by one codon -       Deacylated tRNA moves into E site and detaches-       New tRNA occupies A site + process is repeated
4.    Termination  -       Eventually ribosomal complex will reach stop codon -       Instead of recruiting a stop codon, release factors are recruited signalling to stop translation-       Newly formed polypeptide chain released, and ribosome disassembles

Answered by George M. Biology tutor

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