Identify and anaylse the literary devices used by Shakespeare in Sonnet 29.

William Shakespeare, in Sonnet 29, uses antanaclasis to deftly explore the relationship between the religious and the secular in Jacobian England. The first two quatrains of the poem explicate the speaker's unhappiness with life. He begins by describing how he is ostracised from those around him: 'When, in disgrace with fortune and men’s eyes, I all alone beweep my outcast state'. His use of the word 'state' is important here because the same word will be repeated twice more throughout the poem. In its first use, it refers to the speaker's condition or situation, which is to say 'outcast'. The speaker's complaints continue until the volta in the ninth line, followed by the repetition of 'state' in the tenth: 'Haply I think on thee, and then my state'. The same word has been used to convey the same meaning: the speaker's condition or situation. However, these two uses stand in contrast because the first is negative and the second is positive by virtue of love. By repeating the same word but giving each use a different connotative quality, Shakespeare is clearly demonstrating the power that love has to change one's life. Shakespeare uses the word 'state' once more and adds a further layer of meaning to his poem. In the final couplet, the speaker tells his inamoarata: 'For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings, That then I scorn to change my state with kings'. 'State' here still refers to the speaker's condition or situation. By being in love, his state has improved emotionally. The 'wealth' of his love is also shown to be greater than the wealth of the king, a person with whom he would not change states or situations. However, 'state' can also be used here to refer to England as a nation state over which the king reigns. The word has now taken on two meanings: one's condition or situation and the country as a political entity. Shakespeare's use of the word 'state' therefore takes on not only emotional and financial dimensions, it suggests a political critique also. The speaker would not want to become the king, ostensibly because he is in love, but in light of the political and religious turmoil of the period, the poem can be read as a comment on the efficacy of James I.