A) Firstly look at what is common - X and the number 4. Take these out the bracket . Then think what you have left and place that in the inner bracket. 4x(1+3z)
B) Again this is similar to the first one- Y and 3 is common in both terms.3y(x + 2)
C) Look at all the terms individually and see what is common to them all. 4, A and B^2 is common. Then doing it one stage at a time take these terms out.4AB^2(1+2A+ 8+4B)