Failures of the L.o.N: Poor conduct in dealing with the Manchurian Crisis and the Abyssinian Crisis - exposed weaknesses in the power of the League and demonstrated the biased power structure, with Britain and France being at the top. The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to accept the war guilt clause (article 231) and pay extensive reparations, causing widespread resentment throughout Germany, as they felt they had been mistreated and unfairly represented. Failure to become a world-wide peace organisation - many countries never joined, in particular the USA. Other causes: German militarism and nationalist resurgence - remilitarisation of the Rhineland Japanese expansion and the Manchurian Crisis Growth of the Nazi party and Hitler's dictatorshipItalian invasion of Abyssinia