When do you use 'haben' and when do you use 'sein' in the perfect tense?

In the perfect tense, sentences are formed using an auxiliary / helping verb (haben or sein) and the past participle. Haben is translated as 'to have', whilst sein is translated as 'to be'. A sentence may be structured as follows: subject (e.g. a person) + auxiliary verb + other details + past participle. The auxiliary verb used is generally haben, unless the past participle involves movement or a change of state, in which case the auxiliary verb would be sein. For example, the verb lesen would take the auxiliary verb haben, as no movement or change of state is involved: ich habe ein Buch gelesen = I read a book. The verb fahren would take the auxiliary verb sein, as movement is involved: er ist nach Österreich gefahren = he travelled to Austria.To be able to apply this effectively, you must memorise the conjugations of both haben and sein. The conjugations of haben are: ich habe, du hast, er/sie/es/man hat, wir haben, Ihr habt, sie/Sie haben. The conjugations of sein are: ich bin, du bist, er/sie/es/man ist, wir sind, Ihr seid, sie/Sie sind.