Example; Let vector v = (2,5,2) and vector u = (1,-2,3),then u Β· v = [(2 x 1) + (5 x -2) + (2 x 3)] = [2 -10 + 6] = -2 As the workings hopefully make clear in the line above, the general formula for the scalar product of vectors a and b (if a = (x1,y1,z1) and b = (x2,y2,z2)) is πβπ=(π1π2+ π1π2+π1π2). The same holds true if the vectors are represented as column vectors. If the angle between two vectors is known, it is also possible to calculate the scalar product using the equation: πβπ=πΌπ½πππ(π½) where U and V are the magnitudes of u and v and π½ is the angle between the vectors. *Note, the scalar product of two perpendicular vectors is 0 as cos(90Β°)=0