What are some key techniques to focus on when writing a World Literature Essay (can be applied to equivalent A-level English essays)

Put simply, examiners looking at a World Literature paper are assessing: student's ability to create an informed perspective/opinion/analysis of a certain literary work, based on their course knowledge, and consequently present the same in a well structured, comprehensive (yet concise) analysis that successfully conveys to the reader an answer to the assigned essay question. It is common to use international literary works for this assignment, which often make it slightly more difficult to extract the fundamental intentions of the original author due to losses in translation. One major guideline that should be followed in such cases is to use characters' explicit behaviour or traits to explain and connect implicit concepts that are interlaced throughout a text. In a translated work, this can often help the student since they are using "actions" that can be visualised as mental images, to explain more abstract intentions that the author had when writing the piece. This is demonstrated in a sample text extracted from a World Literature essay, where the student prepares to connect characters' reactions to the underlying concept of existentialism.
--> The father initially reacted in a “hostile” manner, with “clenched fists”, but then immediately broke down, weeping violently. Meanwhile, the mother seems to respond with a sense of desperation and shocked surprise, “taking frenzied steps backwards” from her transformed son... However, much like Gregor himself and Grete, neither the mother nor the father is shown to be wondering why their son was subjected to such an unprecedented and peculiar transformation. <--[written on an English translation of Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka]