What most examination boards are looking for to in order to get those top grades is: context, analysis and argumentation.
Context- read about the history of the book, the writer’s life and popular news at the time of the novel was written. Then look at similar themes in the book. When you make these links you can incorporate the context of the time period in to each paragraph about the writing’s theme. For example; if you are writing about 20th century feminist/ gender orientated literature, then think about the waves the feminist movement was making and how people’s perception of a woman’s role was changing. Include scholars who may have had an opinion in the subject you are discussing at the time. Germaine Greer was a 20th century feminist who was influential in society you could use a quote from her to illustrate your point.
Analysis- It is good to have counter arguments and evidence in each paragraph but you have to weigh up all this evidence and decide which the strongest argument in each paragraph is and why you think it is the strongest argument- this should be the bulk of your paragraph
Argumentation- There must be a clear argument throughout the essay. Introduce what you will be arguing in the introduction, then reiterate it at the end of every paragraph (don’t be afraid to develop it). The analysis should always conclude that your argument is right and the strongest argument. Then reiterate it in the conclusion. Don’t say anything new in the conclusion- this should be the smallest part of the essay
I would recommend that you look at the individual exam boards mark scheme on their website and sometimes they even put an example answer. It would be helpful to go through these example answers and highlight the different categories that the mark scheme asks for.
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