Compare and contrast Bentham's Utilitarianism with Mill's.

Utilitarianism is the normative ethical theory which holds that the moral decisions should be based on the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number. It is often referred to as a teleological or consequentialist ethics, since it holds that the moral thing to do is whatever will cause the happiest outcome for the maximum amount of people. For example, if I were to steal bread from a market for my poor family, even though a Kantian ethics would hold that stealing is absolutely wrong no matter what the consequences, utilitarianism might say it is justifiable, since that bread will make my family happier as they haven't eaten for days, compared to the grocer selling it for a few measly pennies. Utilitarianism was first theorised by Jeremy Bentham, who devised a 'hedonic calculus' to measure ways in which an action could cause a greater amount of pleasure. He devised a criteria which tested seven different aspects of the pleasure. For example, the 'intensity' measured how strong the pleasure was, whereas the 'extent' measured how many people would be affected by the action.But Bentham's utilitarianism runs into problems, since actions such as torturing an innocent person could be morally justifiable in his view if it caused greater happiness for the people torturing him. So Mill, building on Bentham's utilitarianism, takes a slightly different strategy. Rather than posit a hedonic calculus, Mill thought there was a distinction between higher pleasures and lower pleasures. Higher pleasures would refer to scholarly pursuits or altruism, like reading philosophy or giving to charity, whereas lower pleasures involve base pleasures like sex or eating food. Mill not only thought that higher pleasures were much more valuable than lower pleasures, but also thought that it was better to "be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfied". This means Mill's account of utilitarianism not only focuses on bringing about the most pleasurable outcome like Bentham's, but pays more attention on the type of pleasure one brings about.