There are many limiting factors of photosynthesis (light, temperature, water, carbon dioxide) but we'll focus on light and temperature: Chlorophyll absorbs light at certain wavelengths and light needs to be present for photosynthesis to occur. Using artificial lighting systems, you can provide lighting at maximum intensity (so photosynthesis occurs at maximum constant rate), set to optimal wavelengths the particular plant needs and keep it on all the time. Photosynthesis requires many enzymes to convert carbon dioxide into glucose and these enzymes work optimally at certain temperatures. If the temperature is too low, the enzymes are slower at catalysing reactions but if it's too hot, the enzymes denature and cannot function. Using a greenhouse to monitor internal temperature is best to maintain a constant optimal temperature for the plants.