How might antihypertensive drugs lower the risk of developing atherosclerosis?

Recap: Atherosclerosis is a disease where damage to the endothelium causes LDL (bad) cholesterol deposits to accumulate in the damaged section of endothelial wall. As part of the body's immune response, macrophages will be sent to the damaged site to remove the bad cholesterol. Occasionally, the macrophages will get stuck at the affected site, causing a build up of LDL cholesterol and macrophages know as a 'plaque'. Over time, this plaque will increase in size and eventually rupture, creating a build up of material that will limit or even block the flow of blood to organs. Atherosclerosis can block or limit blood flow to the brain or heart, causing stoke and/or heart attack.
Recap: As blood moves around blood vessels, it pushes against the epithelial wall. The 'strength' of the push against your blood vessels is your blood pressure. Higher blood pressure therefore means a greater push against the epithelial wall and so a greater chance of damage. Antihypertensive drugs lower blood pressure.
Therefore: Antihypertensive drugs lower BP, reducing the risk of damage to the epithelial wall. This reduces the chance of an inflammatory response from macrophages. Subsequently, there is a reduced risk of plaque formation and blood clots that might lead to stroke and/or heart attack.

Answered by Daniel R. Biology tutor

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