pH and Kw question: A student dissolves 1.75g of a drain cleaner (based on NaOH) in water and makes the solution up to 100cm3. The student measures the solution pH as 13.60. Determine the percentage of NaOH in the drain cleaner, in terms of mass (g).

[H+] = 10-pH, so [H+] = 10-13.6 = 2.5 x 10-14 moldm-3. pH=-log10([H+]), so we have rearranged this to make [H+] the subject of the formula.Kw = [H+] x [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14 moldm-3. This means that [OH-] = (1.0 x 10-14) / (2.5 x 10-14) [OH-] = 0.4 moldm-3Kw is the ionic product of water. Water, although neutral, is able to ionise slightly or partially dissociate, like weak acids do. This is shown in the equation: H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH-For weak acids, Ka = [H+] x [OH-] / [HA]. If we treat water as a weak acid, then [H2O] = 1000/18 = 55.6 moldm-3 (for 1dm3 or 1000g of water; concentration = volume/moles)Now, Ka x 55.6 moldm-3 = [H+] x [OH-]‘Ka x 55.6moldm-3’ = Kw. Although it can change with temperature, at 298K/25oC (room temperature) it is 1.00 x 10-14. Kw can be used to work out the relative concentrations of H+ and OH- ions in an aqueous solution: you will always have both types of ions present, just that in basic solutions you have more OH- ions than H+ ions (and vice versa for acidic solutions). n (moles of NaOH, in mol) = c (concentration of NaOH, in moldm-3) x v (volume of solution, in dm3); n = c x vVolume (dm3) = 100cm3/1000 = 0.1dm3n (NaOH) = 0.4 moldm-3 x 0.1dm3 = 0.04molm (mass of NaOH, in g) = n (moles of NaOH, in mol) x M (molecular mass of NaOH, in g/mol); m = n x MMolecular mass = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40m (NaOH) = 0.04 mol x 40 = 1.6g% mass = (mass of NaOH, g) / (total mass of drain cleaner added, g)% mass of NaOH = 1.6g / 1.75g x 100% = 91.428… = 91.4% to 3SF

Answered by Laura N. Chemistry tutor

5770 Views

See similar Chemistry A Level tutors

Related Chemistry A Level answers

All answers ▸

Predict whether the lattice energy of magnesium oxide, MgO, is more or less exothermic than the lattice energy of magnesium sulfide, MgS. Justify your answer in terms of the sizes and the charges of the ions involved.


outline the mechanism for the nitration of methyl benzoate and show how sulfuric acid behaves as a catalyst


How do buffers work?


How do you work out the oxidation number of a atom in a compound?


We're here to help

contact us iconContact usWhatsapp logoMessage us on Whatsapptelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

© MyTutorWeb Ltd 2013–2024

Terms & Conditions|Privacy Policy
Cookie Preferences