Explain the trend in first ionisation energy along period 3

Going across a period there is generally an increase in first ionisation energy. This is because there are more protons in each nucleus leading to a greater positive charge and stronger electrostatic force of attraction between the nucleus and outer electron. Each successive electron enters the same shell so there is no increase in shielding.The two exceptions to the trend are aluminium and and sulphur. For aluminium IE is lower because the electron enters 3p rather than 3s so less energy is required to remove it. For sulphur IE falls because it is 3p4, this means there are two electrons in one p orbital. As a result, IE will be lower as electron repulsion means that the force of attraction between the electron and nucleus is reduced which makes it easier to remove.

JD
Answered by Jasmine D. Chemistry tutor

2909 Views

See similar Chemistry A Level tutors

Related Chemistry A Level answers

All answers ▸

Describe the structure of benzene, and how this affects its stability.


What is a mole and why is it useful?


A sample of nitrogen gas is heated to 100°C, at a pressure of 10kPa and volume of 0.2m^3. How many moles of gas are present?


An amino acid contains 52.2% carbon, 9.3% hydrogen, 8.7% nitrogen and 29.8% oxygen by mass and has a relative molecular mass of 161 g/mol. What is its molecular formula? What functional groups must it have?


We're here to help

contact us iconContact ustelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

MyTutor is part of the IXL family of brands:

© 2026 by IXL Learning