Explain the trend in first ionisation energy along period 3

Going across a period there is generally an increase in first ionisation energy. This is because there are more protons in each nucleus leading to a greater positive charge and stronger electrostatic force of attraction between the nucleus and outer electron. Each successive electron enters the same shell so there is no increase in shielding.The two exceptions to the trend are aluminium and and sulphur. For aluminium IE is lower because the electron enters 3p rather than 3s so less energy is required to remove it. For sulphur IE falls because it is 3p4, this means there are two electrons in one p orbital. As a result, IE will be lower as electron repulsion means that the force of attraction between the electron and nucleus is reduced which makes it easier to remove.

JD
Answered by Jasmine D. Chemistry tutor

2811 Views

See similar Chemistry A Level tutors

Related Chemistry A Level answers

All answers ▸

What would the ideal conditions for the Haber process (nitrogen + hydrogen to ammonia) be? Why are the ideal conditions not used in industry?


Why does nuclear radius decrease and first ionisation energy increase across the period?


Describe the structure of benzene, and how this affects its stability.


Thinking about the periodicity of the period 3 elements, explain the structure of the Sodium and Phosphorus Oxides and the acid-base behaviour of the Oxide solutions.


We're here to help

contact us iconContact ustelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

MyTutor is part of the IXL family of brands:

© 2026 by IXL Learning