(Insert diagram of the central dogma DNA -> RNA -> Protein)Transcription is the process of converting DNA to RNA. First, within the nucleus, DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs to unwind the DNA. Then, complimentary free RNA nucleotides bind to exposed bases on the template strand. RNA polymerase then forms the sugar phosphate backbone. Introns and exons are repeatedly transcribed to make pre-mRNA which terminates at the stop codon. The pre-mRNA is then spliced to remove the introns and form mRNA.Translation follows this by converting RNA to protein. the mRNA leaves the nucleus via a nuclear pore into the cytoplasm. A ribosome binds to the mRNA. tRNA carrying an amino acid binds its anti- codon to the complimentary codon on the mRNA. A second tRNA binds adjacent to this first codon, carrying another specific amino acid. Peptide bonds form between the amino acids and another specific tRNA- amino acid complex binds adjacently, forming a polypeptide chain. When the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA, it disengages. this because there are no tRNA anti- codons complimentary to stop codons.