Why does an absorption spectrum (of eg Helium) show dark lines?

Ignoring the dark lines, we have a continuous colour (visible light) spectrum. The dark lines represent where the photon of a particular wavelength is missing, hence we cant see it. This occurs when the light passes through a material, and various frequencies of photons are absorbed. Hence we do not see these specific photons when the light reaches the observer, and therefore we have 'dark lines' on an absorption spectrum.

Notes: 

1) Photons (light 'packets') are absorbed by electrons (in a material)

2) This causes the electron to become excited, moving to a higher available energy level

3) The 'jump' in electron energy levels is discrete, and equal to the energy of the photon; hence only specific frequencies of photon are removed (photon frequency dictates photon energy; E=hf)

JB
Answered by James B. Physics tutor

8827 Views

See similar Physics A Level tutors

Related Physics A Level answers

All answers ▸

Use band theory to explain the changes in the resistance of an intrinsic semiconductor as temper changes.


What are quarks?


What are the similarities and differences between an elastic and an inelastic collision?


Calculate the root mean squared speed for 16g of oxygen gas at 50(deg Celsius) and explain why we use this instead of the average velocity of all the particles.


We're here to help

contact us iconContact ustelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

MyTutor is part of the IXL family of brands:

© 2026 by IXL Learning