Following the economic instability fostered by the 1929 Wall Street Crash, support for the Communist Party of Germany (the KPD) did increase. In the 1930 federal elections for example the KPD polled 4.5 million votes, with the Nazi Party gaining 6 million. There is no doubt that the Nazi Party did to some exploit popular middle-class fears of socialism in order to gain support; the paramilitary wing of the party (the SA) would frequently engage Communists in street battles in the early 1930s which encouraged middle-class sympathy for Nazism.
We should be careful however in over-emphasising the importance of Communism to explain the growth of Nazi support. In many ways fear of Communism was tied up with multiple middle class fears in the early 1930s, such as the erosion of traditional values eventuated by Weimar society, the depreciation of Germany's international standing as a consequence of the Treaty of Versailles and the economic instability caused by the global depression. The autarkic economic policy of the Nazis coupled with their aggressive foreign policy and nationalistic social policy helped to assuage both these fears and the growing trepidation around Communism. Nazi support can be explained therefore by an appeal to a wide range of middle-class fears, which included but was not exclusively limited to the threat of the Communist Party.