Rank the following acids according to acid strength, strongest to weakest: HF, HCl, HBr. Explain your reasoning.

Answer: HBr, HCl, HF
Firstly, we must understand what is meant by "acid strength". Simply put, it's the concentration of "free" hydrogen ions (H+) in solution. Acids dissociate (liberate "free" hydrogen ions) when the X-H bonds break (X can be F, Cl, Br). It makes sense to assume that the weaker the X-H bond is, the more likely it's going to break and therefore liberate more hydrogen ions.
When we look at the periodic table, we can make two observations. 1) Going down the period, the electronegativity of the halogens (F, Cl, Br) in group VII decreases. The more electronegative the halogen, the bigger is the "pull"on the partially positively charged hydrogen. So, less electronegative halogens will have a weaker "pull" on the hydrogen (weaker bond).2) Going down the period, the atomic size of the halogens increase. The bigger the halogen atom, the longer the X-H bond must be. Longer bonds are weaker.

Answered by Edgar K. Chemistry tutor

3359 Views

See similar Chemistry A Level tutors

Related Chemistry A Level answers

All answers ▸

Relationship between moles and Avogadro's constant


Explain the structure and characteristics of benzene


Describe the products of the following Friedl-Crafts substitution and explain the role of the AlCl3 in the reaction: C6H6 + CH3C(O)Cl + AlCl3 = ?


Why are some complex ions coloured?


We're here to help

contact us iconContact usWhatsapp logoMessage us on Whatsapptelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo
Cookie Preferences