A-Level question: How is blood glucose regulated?

Blood glucose must be regulated, normal blood glucose for a non-diabetic person is 4.0-5.9mmol. A low blood glucose (sugar) is harmful and a high blood can indicate diabetes. the pancreas and liver and crucial for controlling blood glucose. the pancreas is a organ in the body that is exocrine and endocrine. for this question, we will focus on the endocrine portion. in the pancreas are cells called islets of lagerhands. there are different types: alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells and F cells. the alpha cells secrete glucagon and the beta cells secrete insulin. when a persons blood glucose is too LOW (hypoglycaemia). ·      stimulates secretion of glucagon from alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas·      glucagon acts on hepatocytes (lifer cells) ·      this causes conversion of glycogen (glucose storage molecule) to glucose. this is glyconeolysis·      hepatocytes (liver cells) release glucose into the blood stream. ·      blood glucose rises. ·      if blood glucose rises too much (high blood sugar = hyperglycaemia) inhibits release of of glucagon (negative feedback).high blood glucose (hyperglycaemia)·      stimulates secretion of insulin from the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreatic islets·      insulin acts on different cells in the body (muscle cells, fat cells). this causes glucose to diffuse (facilitated diffusion = movement across a cell membrane by a transmembrane protein).·      because glucose has gone into the cell, there is less glucose in the blood so blood glucose goes down. ·      in the cells glucose is made into glycogen (gluconeogenesis).