Explain how an adult develops immunity to a bacterial toxin

When the body is exposed to a bacterial toxin for the first time, it is recognised as foreign and an immune response will be mounted. In response to the toxin, B lymphocytes will be produced which make antitoxins to neutralise the toxins. Some B lymphocytes will then become memory cells. This results in a faster immune response when next infected with the same toxin and so immunity is established.

Related Biology A Level answers

All answers ▸

Explain the process that occurs in neuromuscular junctions from when the action potential in the pre-synaptic knob to transmission in the next neurone (6 marks).


Describe the role of tRNA in the production of a protein


How can antibody neutralisation of pathogenic antigens help prevent cellular damage? (4 marks)


Describe how an atheroma may lead to a myocardial infarction.