Explain a mechanism for the transporting and loading of sugars in the phloem. [6]

Relevant Points:Loading: loading into companion cells, location of companion cells at source(s), active loading of sucrose, mitochondrial action in companion cells, mechanism of proton gradient and co-transport.Transport: mass flow source to sink, high hydro-static pressure at source, inflow of water via osmosis at source, passage through sieve plates, low hydro-static pressure at sink, unloading at sink.
To achieve marks at the higher end students must provide a detailed explanation of both aspects of the question (loading and transportation) and must include references to sources and sinks and the features of different elements on the phloem.

Answered by Humail M. Biology tutor

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