What context and analysis can I use to support my reading of the poem the Lammas Hierling?

The name of the poem is an archaic harvest festival in which land owners would hire people in orderto harvest their crops. Despite this Duhig isolates a single individual who remains anonymousthroughout the poem creating a sense of intrigue within the reader whilst simultaneously distancingthe narrator from the person who is described in the poem. The actual story involves the unspecifiedman buying a ‘hireling’ (a person to work for him) who doubles ‘yields’. At night he is caught in a trapnaked in the middle of a ‘dark rite’ and the famer concludes he is a ‘warlock’ (witch). He then shootshim through the heart causing him to turn into a hare (which is a magical creature in folk law) and iscursed forevermore, only confessing sins (due to his guilt) and making bullets for his shotgun. Theconsistent enjambment forces the reader to rush to the next line inferring Duhig wanted to createan element of anxiety and suspense reflecting the emotions of the farmer. There is also a persistentuse of allusion as opposed to obvious description and combined with the archaic language it impliesthe writer was attempting to emulate the chant of a witch and also convey a theme of suppressionof desires. The uncertainty of this Irish language only reinforces the ambiguity surrounding theunnamed narrator, potentially implying he wasn’t even a witch especially considering he feels guiltand expresses this to a presumably Catholic priest (even though witches ,considering the timeperiod, were the embodiment of Saturn). This arguably implies there is a homosexual element to this story. Arguably, you could argue the entire poem is about a farmer who desires homosexual companionship (dreams about past love) due to the death of his wife and thus chooses a man who hegrew ‘fond’ of and ‘knew when to shut up’ creating the image of a submissive woman (ideal for thatera). His body after being shot is described as ‘lovely’ reinforcing the homosexual tone. You couldinfer from this that killing the ‘hierling’ acts as a metaphor for suppressing his sexual tendencies ashe embodies evil (shown as a witch) conveying societies attitudes to this form of sex and explaininghis confession to a priest.

Answered by Thomas G. English tutor

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