Explain how nucleophilic substitution for a haloalkane actually occurs?

In a haloalkane, not all of the bonds are the same. We have to consider the fact that the halogen atom (for instance a bromine atom) is more electronegative than either carbon or hydrogen atoms, and has a tendency to withdraw electron density towards itself. This makes the C-Br bond polarised. The carbon atom has had electron density removed from itself, and now has a partial positive charge. Thus, it is more susceptible to attack by a species with a high electron density, or a negative charge. Such a species is called a nucleophile. A cyanide ion, for example, has a formal negative charge on the carbon.As like and unlike charges attract, the negative cyanide ion will attack the positive carbon atom, and in doing so will displace the bromide ion. This is nucleophilic substitution.

Answered by Naman K. Chemistry tutor

1697 Views

See similar Chemistry A Level tutors

Related Chemistry A Level answers

All answers ▸

Explain how the electron pair repulsion theory can be used to deduce the shape of, and the bond angle in, NH3.


10cm^3 of 1M NaOH solution is mixed with 15cm^3 of 0.5M HCl, what is the resulting pH of the solution?


What is a redox reaction?


How can I apply the knowledge I learn in lessons to tougher exam style questions ?


We're here to help

contact us iconContact usWhatsapp logoMessage us on Whatsapptelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

© MyTutorWeb Ltd 2013–2025

Terms & Conditions|Privacy Policy
Cookie Preferences