A rollercoaster stops at a point with GPE of 10kJ and then travels down a frictionless slope reaching a speed of 10 m/s at ground level. After this, what length of horizontal track (friction coefficient = 0.5) is needed to bring the rollercoaster to rest?
Recognise that the intial potential energy and kinetic energy at 10 m/s position should be identical due to the frictionless slope.
mgh = 0.5mv2
10kJ = 0.5 x m x 102
10 000 = 0.5 x m x 100
50m = 10 000
m = 200 kg
Recognise that the weight of the rollercoaster is 200g which is equivalent to the vertical reaction force on the horizontal track.
The frictional force is given by the coefficient of friction multiplied by the vertical reaction force:
F = 200g x 0.5 = 100g
The rollercoaster comes to rest when its energy is zero and all of the initial kinetic energy (at 10 m/s) has been dissipated by the frictional force. Therefore, we can write the work done by friction, W, in terms of the length of horizontal track, L and equate this to the kinetic energy:
W = F x L = 100g x L = 10 000
L = 10 000 / 100g = 100 / g = 10.2m
The length of track needed is 10.2m
