What are the main parts of the lungs and how are the lungs adapted to its function?

The lungs are the main site of gas exchange in the body and is where oxygen enters the blood, and carbon dioxide leaves it. Air first enters the lungs via the trachea, which is one long tube that's supported by rings of cartilage. The trachea then splits into 2 bronchi (bronchus singular) which then further branch out into bronchioles. At the end of these bronchioles there are tiny air sacs called alveoli. This is the surface where the blood supply is close enough to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air.The alveoli are adapted to their function, firstly, by their size. They are very small meaning they have a large surface area to volume ratio, therefore supplying a big area upon which exchange can occur. They also have a moist lining that allows molecules from the air to dissolve. Finally, there is a very short distance between the air in the alveoli and blood in capillaries. This is due to the membrane surrounding the alveoli being only one cell thick.